Method determination of red blood cell (RBC) count: APPARATUS: Neubauer’s chamber (thick slide), RBC diluting fluid, microscope, coverslip, pricking needle (blood Lancet) and spirit swab. RBC Diluting Fluid (Hayem’s Fluid) Sodium chloride (NaCl): 0.5 gm, to maintain isotonicity of fluid. Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4): 2.5 gm, which breaks RBCs and prevents their rouleaux … [Read more...]
Archives for April 2017
Haemocytometer – Improved neubauer’s chamber
Haemocytometer - Improved Neubauer's chamber: The Haemocytometer: Haemocytometer is an apparatus used to count various blood cells (RBS, WBC, Eosinophil and platelets). It consists of RBC, and WBC pipette ( Thoma diluting pipettes) and a thick slide (Neubauer's Chamber). Reagents: Hayem's fluid for RBC counting and its composition: NaCl - 0.5 g for isotonicity. … [Read more...]
Methods determination of bleeding time vs clotting time of blood
Methods Determination of bleeding time vs clotting time of blood: DEFINITIONS: A. Bleeding time: It is the time taken for stoppage of bleeding from the site of skin puncture due to the formation of the haemostatic plug. B. Clotting time: It is time taken by the clotting factors of the blood to start haemostasis and the production of a proteinous web of fibrin thread to … [Read more...]
Foam test for bile salts and bile pigments
Foam test for bile salts and bile pigments: Foam test for bile salts and bile pigments is a specific test used for the qualitative detection of bile salts and bile pigments in urine. There are other test as well which can be used to detect bile salts and bile pigments in urine. These tests are Gmelin's test for bile pigments and Hay's test for bile salts respectively. Foam … [Read more...]
Gmelin’s test for bile pigments – Its principle, reagent and procedure
Gmelin's test for bile pigments: Gmelin's test is a specific test used for the qualitative detection of bile pigments in urine. The bile pigments i.e bilirubin and biliverdin are almost entirely excreted through the bile by the liver but in conditions like obstructive jaundice, where bile ducts get blocked, the bile pigments start appearing in the urine. Gmelin's test … [Read more...]
Benzidine test – Its principle, reagents and procedure
Benzidine test: Benzidine test is a specific test used for the determination of blood (RBCs or haemoglobin) in urine. Kidney diseases or any injury to the urinary tract may result in leakage of blood in the urine. Blood (Haemoglobin) may occur in the urine as intact corpuscles (RBC) as in haematuria or free in the solution (Haemoglobin). Haemoglobinuria occurs in a certain … [Read more...]
Indican test in urine – Its principle, reagents and procedure
Indican test in urine: Indican test in urine is a general test used for the determination of indican in urine. The Indican test in urine is also called an obermeyer test. Indican is an indole which is produced when intestinal bacteria in the intestine act on the amino acid, tryptophan. Reagents: 1% alcoholic α-naphthol 3% H2O2 Concentrated HCL Procedure: … [Read more...]
Urease test for Urea – Its principle, reagents and procedure
Urease test for Urea: So the urease test for Urea is a specific test for the detection of urea in urine. Urease test principle: Urea is a diamide of carbonic acid. Urea is hydrolyzed with the release of ammonia and carbon dioxide. Many organisms especially have an urease enzyme which can split urea in the presence of water to release ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia … [Read more...]
Test for calcium, magnesium and phosphate in urine
Test for calcium, magnesium and phosphate in urine: So the test for calcium, magnesium and phosphate in urine can be done with ease by the following methods. Test for Magnesium in urine: Chemicals Required: A concentrated solution of ammonia. Urine Procedure: Take 5 ml of urine of urine in a test tube. Add 1 ml of a concentrated solution of ammonia. … [Read more...]
Test for Chlorides in urine – Its principle and procedure
Test for Chlorides in urine: Urine contains a high concentration of chlorides ions. Test for chlorides in urine is performed on the urine by the following procedure. Chemical required: Concentrated HNO3. 2% silver nitrate solution. Besides these, we also need urine on which we want to perform a test. Procedure: Take 2 ml of urine in a test tube. Add 2 … [Read more...]