What is Gerhard’s test: Gerhard’s test is a specific test used for the qualitative detection of ketone bodies in urine. The following ketones bodies or acetone bodies are found in the urine during a condition called “ketosis.” Acetone. Acetoacetic acid. β- Hydroxybutyric acid. These are synthesized in liver during starvation and uncontrolled diabetes. Ketone … [Read more...]
MOLISCH’S REACTION – GENERAL REACTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES
MOLISCH’S REACTION general reaction for the detection of carbohydrates. PRINCIPLE: Sugars on reaction with dehydrating agents like strongly concentrated acids (Concentrated H2SO4) yield furfural and furfural derivatives such as hydroxymethyl furfural, which condense With α-naphthol and give a reddish Violet ring. REAGENTS: 1.Molisch’s Reagent: i- α-naphthol, ii- Ethyl … [Read more...]
Hay’s test for bile salts – Its principle, reagent and procedure
Hay's test for bile salts: Hay's test for bile salts is a specific test used for the qualitative detection of bile salts in urine. Bile salt appears in the urine of patients suffering from jaundice. It consists of a watery mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. Bile acids are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid which form conjugation with glycine and taurine. These two … [Read more...]
Hopkins Cole test – Its Principle, Reagents, Procedure etc
Tryptophan is an amino acid. Hopkins Cole test is a specific test used for the detection of tryptophan. When tryptophan is present in a solution, it gives a reddish violet ring. REAGENTS of Hopkins Cole test: Hopkins Cole Reagent: Magnesium compound of Glyoxalic acid and concentrated H2SO4. PRINCIPLE: Concentrated H2SO4 causes dehydration of tryptophan which reacts with … [Read more...]
Ninhydrin test – Its Principle, Reagents, Procedure etc
Ninhydrin test: ( Triketo Hydrindene Hydrate) Both free and combined α-amino acids give Ninhydrin test. Significances: Ninhydrin test is used for the detection of amino acids in a solution. Ninhydrin When reacts with ammonia forms a dark blue or purple colour known as Ruhemann’s purple. So amino acid detection a solution mainly occurs by performing ninhydrin … [Read more...]
Seliwanoff’s test for aldo and keto sugar
Seliwanoff’s test is used to differentiate between keto sugar and aldo sugar. PRINCIPLE: Carbohydrates are converted to furfural derivatives by dilute HCl. Only furfural derivatives of keto-hexoses condense with Resorcinol to form a cherry red complex. This test is positive for sugar (Keto) when it gives cherry red colour complex. REAGENTS: 1. Seliwanoff’s Reagent: i. … [Read more...]
What is the differences between hexokinase and glucokinase?
Hexokinase or glucokinase is an enzyme that convert glucose to glucose 6 phosphate. It is the first step of glycolysis. One ATP molecule is cleaved to ADP and the phosphate released is added to glucose. Hence glucose is converted to glucose 6 phosphate. This enzyme which convert glucose to glucose 6 phosphate exists in two isomer forms. One is called hexokinase and another … [Read more...]
Aminoaciduria – Its Classification, Symptoms, Causes and treatment
Aminoaciduria - Its Classification, Symptoms, Causes and treatment So What is Aminoaciduria? Aminoaciduria is a term utilized for the expanded or diminished/irregular discharge of amino acids in pee. If you are looking to find the Aminoaciduria - Its Classification, Symptoms, Causes and treatment, you have come to the right place. Amino acids are high renal limit substances. … [Read more...]
Method determination of red blood cell (RBC) count
Method determination of red blood cell (RBC) count: APPARATUS: Neubauer’s chamber (thick slide), RBC diluting fluid, microscope, coverslip, pricking needle (blood Lancet) and spirit swab. RBC Diluting Fluid (Hayem’s Fluid) Sodium chloride (NaCl): 0.5 gm, to maintain isotonicity of fluid. Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4): 2.5 gm, which breaks RBCs and prevents their rouleaux … [Read more...]
Foam test for bile salts and bile pigments
Foam test for bile salts and bile pigments: Foam test for bile salts and bile pigments is a specific test used for the qualitative detection of bile salts and bile pigments in urine. There are other test as well which can be used to detect bile salts and bile pigments in urine. These tests are Gmelin's test for bile pigments and Hay's test for bile salts respectively. Foam … [Read more...]